Problems of rind diseases in the in style world.

In familiar, all diseases of the epidermis can be divided into specific dame groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused by way of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most standard diseases of the veneer of any majority group. These catalogue folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and diverse others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya a close trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused not later than divergent viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Chronic communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the graze, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a really common collection of skin diseases caused close to various pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of decorticate diseases caused close to an allergic outer layer resistance to something. These tabulate allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused on the whole before changes in the apprehensive system: itchy fell, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most prevalent lingering skin plague that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an expected, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Basal Cell Carcinoma, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Circumlocutory connective tissue affliction characterized alongside lesions of connective conglomeration take in lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disability, the solitary or main morphological peculiarity of which is the bubble: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized away nonspecific swelling of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa dyed in the wool, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a inheritable decorticate disability, manifested beside diverse pathological processes in the skin: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of strip appendages (sebaceous glands, trifle and nails) allow for seborrhea, and the complaint developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hide constitute a contravention of its pigmentation, chiefly caused through disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For the benefit of tumors of the incrustation seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the outer layer, basal stall carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus boil +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized by the true manner of new boils at assorted stages of improvement in sundry parts of the body. So, the affliction is defined as a chronic relapsing inflammatory process.
The most customary sites of localization boils are the clock (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The murrain mostly develops on areas of derma trauma, level pegging nominal, in the frame of a distinct blurry, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the notwithstanding as that of a single boils (coating contamination, scratches, undue extravasation of sweat and sebaceous glands, etc.), as successfully as the weakening of the immune eminence (weakness in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency say in connection with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Moderately in many cases there are cases where furunculosis is a complication of other decorticate diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Individual boils expatiate on as lone: on the coating deep grievous pustule appears glowing red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the transform of growing, it begins to protrude first of all the conical healthy skin, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the sputter, accompanied by copious purulent necrotic mass. The function ends with scarring of the hearth.
The characteristic between solitary furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may weaken the dogged: fever may enter into the picture, the unaggressive complained of general irresoluteness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Possible complications of the blight chiefly play when it is localized on the president (face), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic inflammation of the some curls follicles, which amalgamate to form a apart provocative infiltrate. Usually develops as a consequence of the uniform factors that seethe (peel contamination, mischief, immoderate secreting of sweat glands, diabetes, etc.). The ailment is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most common duty of demeanour formations - the back of the neck, shoulders, keester and debase back.
Since the provocative proceeding involves a number of whisker follicles, the carbuncle, in contrast to the boil, a scarcely any necrotic cores. Inflamed film is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and zealous to the touch. In equality, there is deterioration of heterogeneous requirement of the passive: there is a fever (temperature may ascend to 40 degrees), inconvenience, nausea or vomiting, dreadful pain in the arse at the site of localization of inflammation, the dogged feels a habitual puniness, diminution of appetite.
After a inexorable age revealed an swollen follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its recall remains a festering cancer face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a rugged star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has several areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics all over the localization of irritation (in the primordial stages of growth), the levee of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed past proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a group of diseases of the coat and its appendages (ringlets and nails) caused by pathogenic fungi of other genera. They interest a weighty spot among the mycoses.
Total the fungal diseases be experiencing identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a group of so-called deep mycoses. It also includes a body of psevdomikozov, agents which hold an intermediate status between fungi and bacteria.
The most shared skin diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These include incrustation diseases eidermofitiya abandon rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most conventional of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused by red trihofitonom, they can denigrate not at worst the peel of the feet and nails, and other sturdy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the advance of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of exclusive hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regulation in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be extended on feeble surfaces, in flat waters.
Less general keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting merely the appear areas of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Mass the distinguished keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The defeat of the fell, nails and nail ridges observed in the candidiasis - a disease caused alongside fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by means of them in heterogeneous ways, including the increase of candidiasis is possible with irrational use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, pre-eminent to dysbacteriosis.
The weighty mycoses in Europe are rare - they are symbolic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when husk microtraumas. On the strip, there are various bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The risk of preoccupied fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of shell, subcutaneous pile, underlying muscles and self-possessed bones and internal organs and often leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If unsympathetic fungus is at times required surgery - removal of out of sorts nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused by particular types of accommodating papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the type of legate: vulgaris (common) are caused by pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Established (nasty) indoctrination are most often observed in teens and adolescence. They look like pimples corporeal pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, ungracious fa‡ade, whose dimensions break down from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most frequently they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Stretched out warts are develop first in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple entire or oviform papules color with a burnished emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Usually located on the seemingly, neck, case, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, marginally mainly the consistent of healthy skin.
Plantar can occur at any time eon, they provoke the materialization of micro stop extravagant sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is usually multiple, lacklustre, steady to the performance level with the formation of a irregular surface. Some of them precipitately throbbing, markedly those in the field of difficulties during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and set forth the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried wrong on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative representative of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in search humans. The virus is transmitted close appoint speak to (including fleshly) and entirely the put of common items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The illness is more community in preschool children. In persons of midst and stale age disease provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Then the murrain is accompanied sooner than HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an twisted ensign of them.
The incubation patch is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The murrain is manifested by the illusion of the husk penetration of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from divers mm to 1 cm in the center of the component detected a insult indentation. When you click on an item from the deepening of the prime allocation is whitish pasty mass.
The mob of emerged nodules may be unusual: distinct most located on the impudence, neck, back of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the integument and grouped into peewee pockets. In the case of the virus into the cadaver on account of erotic friend molluscum contagiosum time after time localized to the pubic area, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements wait on to unite, transforming into a big-hearted tumor-like formations with harsh edges - the professed "giantess clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the synchronous development of changed elements in the previously affected areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Myiasis - a chronic disease of the epidermis, nails and joints, characterized nearby the appearance on the coating monomorphic rash. The eczema is a flat papules of diverse sizes that be liable to commingle into liberal pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the trice it is entire of the most proverbial inveterate diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is affected not one the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Though, this picture is not scientifically proven.
There are very many theories non-standard irregardless the commencement of the affliction: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room proliferation), neurogenic (predisposition of the fearful method) and others.
In psoriatic shell revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis natty, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses start in the papillary dermis - the flourishing of capillaries, the inflaming infiltrate.
The evolvement of the disease is characterized by a variety of start: the disability can start on the verge of unnoted beside the unwavering with the show of multiple papules and may explicit sudden spread of the fell to the casual observer scars. The malady is caused sooner than the seasons: that being the case, the most common "winter" sort with exacerbations during the cold available, at least - "summer". Also, now there is a impure prototype of exacerbation which stand up at any someday of year.
There are a sprinkling forms of the disease: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - graze lesions of an insurgent simplicity, resulting from physical collision on it. There are simple and allergic coating lesions.
The emergence of righteous dermatitis occurs when exposed to bind stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), palpable impact (costly or low temperatures - a fritter away or frostbite, emission, colourless pressure, stirring up to date, etc.). The rabble-rousing development develops in the film at the placement is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the zeal and direction time stimulus, as admirably as the properties of the skin and the localization of inflammatory lesions. There are three stages of the affliction: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the crust is constantly, you mightiness congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A simple form occurs immediately after exposure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The only exceptions are burns, frostbite, large areas of rind, a clinical representation that pretty hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic reaction of delayed group to the stimulus. Allergens are predominantly chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are for the time being in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg tresses dyes).
The clinical perfect of allergic formality of the sickness is as follows: the flay reddens without the pattern of sharp boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with radiantly or dim purport, which at the launch of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical exact likeness of atopic dermatitis differs from the uncomplicated the poop indeed that the elementary affects the epidermis, not single on the effects of stimulus site, but also extends beyond its effects. As regards model, the effects of an allergic reply to ill-starred mark ink can spread on the gall, neck and even-tempered chest. Egocentric feelings of the passive is most oftentimes characterized by a distinct itching.
Itching - a demand in which the situation of skilled matter are changes in the nervous system. Itching - the sense of foreboding that causes the necessity to comb the skin. Presumably, this view of affliction, but in modified profile, which occurs when a decrepit stimulation of cutaneous nerve endings dependable for pain perception. Some scholars play a joke on identified in android skin-specific receptors that perceive an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the shell;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a breed of pathological lesions of the upset approach, digestive plan, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malignant diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a party of skin diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In definite husk diseases, itching is their just clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly studied, but it is known that in its formation involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized by paroxysmal, his seizures most often crop up in the evening and night time. Is intolerable number, so much a sick outside brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or dot character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: out of date, high-altitude, solar (light). An old fetter appears in the elderly (as surplus 60) and is anticipated to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people progress to a extreme fell of over 7000 m above piles aim, it arises as a happen of stimulation of baroreceptors. Sun is apposite to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized tickle is characterized past little, it inveterately occurs in the anus, alien genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching confirmed infection in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that turn up dawn on in menopause. Continued existence of itching can lead to complications in the erect of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized skin ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod disarrangement muscle, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a chronic fell sickness of rabid description, which is characterized through the show of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the generation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the skin (its seal, a abusing of the calculate).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: prolix and limited. Loquacious is an allergic feedback to the stimulus. It can belief ruined nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, brook, kidney), the centers of other persistent infections, as grandly as functional disorders of the inside nervous system, autonomic system, disorders of the endocrine essence (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The leading job in the unfolding of this infection are disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems. It can occur at any age.
The sheer cue is the air of digressive neurodermatitis papules waxen pink, subjectively characterized alongside itching. Papules tend to unite into continuous lesions with subsequent lichenification of the skin. Such centers inveterately are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the skin cross someone's mind on the dial, endorse and coffer on the pellicle emerge pink erythema, with no uncloudy boundaries and characterized aside ill-treatment desquamation. The persistent complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in certain areas of the coating, itchy and quite shiny tack lamination, looks like polished. Because scratching can join pyococcus infection. The pelt becomes waterless, prospering gray.
The assiduous observed the following clinical symptoms: catch forty winks disturbance, hankering loss, hypotension, Varicella, soft spot, weariness, hypoglycemia, etc. The untiring becomes prickly, sobbing, peradventure lowering of body weight.
The illness is characterized past a prolonged circuit with a relevant of infection subsided during the summer months. Perchance the gaining headway of this condition until the erythroderma. This may be due to an unfavorable line of the murrain, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Constricted neurodermatitis affects narrow areas of the pelt, the most normal localization - back and side of the neck, the abrade hither the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the narrow form are divided into three zones:
center, the biggest present of which is lichenification of the skin;
Depressing - that area of ​​the pellicle, which appear shiny papular foolhardy of young appraise;
unessential, characterized not later than hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disability characterized nearby enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as admirably as changes in the chemical harmony of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical set-up of sebum leads to the check of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a conclusion, the nourishing microflora of the skin is transformed into pathogenic. The tumult of leakage of sebaceous glands are by caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most habitually this occurs at the age of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration in all directions from coat appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by proscription of the choice sebaceous secretion that occurs as a result of enhanced keratinization.
The most frequent sites of localization are those seborrhea shell, where there are the greatest copy of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, caddy and back. There are three forms of it: a stiffish (rigid and liquid), and dreary blended.
If there is a halfwitted sebaceous seal and reduced suppleness of the skin, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Sometimes a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo wrench in sight of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands disguise a crawling congregate of tallow. The curls in this form of the cancer transform into uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluid variety is characterized by fatty losneniem film pores greatly expanded, including wealth of sebum released. The hair of the head look like oiled, are glued to individual strands, they detected a heavy-set numeral of yellowish scales; viable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications make folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Dry seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of chubbiness, abounding in aspect on the scalp and whisker, horny scales. The scales arise, as a rule, or the usually dome, or in the occipital-parietal sector, and they are unquestionably separated and dwindle to the clothes. Curls becomes dreary and brittle. In this ilk of disease on the husk perform pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the surface of numerous matter-of-fact scales - seboreidy.
The tiring form of the disease is accompanied by means of self-centred sensations: patients complain of a tender of tightening of the derma, tingling, uniquely growing after washing with callous water. Clashing seborrhea is characterized by enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and dry outer layer on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of portly was observed only in the frontal and parietal regions.